Efo Riro: A Rich, Flavorful Spinach Stew Loved Across West Africa
Bold, colorful, and deeply satisfying, Efo Riro is more than just a vegetable stew—it’s a celebration of flavor, culture, and the power of fresh ingredients. Originally rooted in Yoruba cuisine of Nigeria, this spinach-based stew has found a home across West Africa, including Ghana, where it’s beloved for its richness and versatility.
What Is Efo Riro?
Efo Riro literally translates to "stirred leafy vegetable," but don’t let the simple name fool you—this stew is bursting with depth and texture. Made with fresh greens, a spicy tomato-pepper sauce, and a mix of proteins like beef, goat, or fish, it’s a one-pot dish that pairs perfectly with Fufu, rice, or yam.
Ingredients You'll Need
- 1–2 bunches of fresh spinach (or substitute with kale, ugu, or amaranth leaves)
- 1 lb meat (beef, goat meat, or smoked fish)
- 4–5 medium tomatoes (or 1 cup blended canned tomatoes)
- 2 bell peppers
- 2 scotch bonnet or chili peppers
- 1–2 onions
- 1/4 cup palm oil or vegetable oil
- Salt and seasoning cubes to taste
- Optional: crayfish, stockfish, or dried shrimp for added umami
How to Make Efo Riro (Spinach Stew)
Step 1: Prepare the Ingredients
Wash and chop the spinach. Blend the tomatoes, peppers, and one onion into a smooth paste. Chop the other onion and set aside.
Step 2: Cook the Meat
Season the meat with salt and onions, then boil until tender. If using dried fish or stockfish, soak and clean thoroughly before adding to the pot.
Step 3: Sauté the Base
Heat palm oil or vegetable oil in a deep pan. Add chopped onions and sauté until soft. Pour in the blended tomato-pepper mixture and cook until the sauce reduces and the oil begins to separate—about 15–20 minutes.
Step 4: Add Protein and Season
Add the cooked meat (and fish if using) into the sauce. Stir well, and season with salt and seasoning cubes to taste. Simmer for another 10 minutes to let the flavors meld.
Step 5: Add the Greens
Finally, stir in the chopped spinach. Cook for about 5–7 minutes, or until the greens are wilted and well combined with the sauce. Avoid overcooking to retain the bright color and nutrients of the vegetables.
Serving Suggestions
Serve Efo Riro hot with your choice of Fufu, white rice, yam, or plantains. It’s especially delicious with soft, stretchy swallows that soak up the stew’s spicy, savory sauce.
Cultural Significance
While Efo Riro originates in Nigeria, it’s widely enjoyed in Ghanaian households, where it reflects a broader West African tradition of rich vegetable stews. It's commonly served at family gatherings, traditional events, and even weeknight dinners, showcasing the region’s love for leafy greens and layered flavor.
Final Thoughts
Colorful, nutrient-rich, and deeply flavorful, Efo Riro is a must-try for anyone exploring West African cuisine. It’s hearty, wholesome, and a perfect example of how simple ingredients—when treated right—can create something truly special.
Ready to stir up something delicious? Efo Riro is calling your name.
